Version 1.0, October 2026. 98 constructs in 18 families across 7 eras, with 18 imported theories below. Selecting a cell reveals its family, era, block, tier, and anchor works, each anchoring reference linking to the publisher’s page. Explore the 18 Family Deep Dives for granular sub-tables, or visit Resources to use the four interactive analytical tools.
Each cell: number, influence pips, block code, then symbol, construct, and anchor works
open frontier position
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Detached series · Theories imported from adjacent fields, each set near the families it feeds
Series
T
Imported Theories
68IP
Op
Opportunism Management
Family
13. Channels and Governance (V · Interfirm Networks)
Era
Period 5: Assets and Accountability, 2000s
Block
IP · Implementation, process
Tier
Landmark
Cell card
Description
Wathne and Heide distinguished forms of opportunism (blatant and lawful, in flexible and inflexible contexts) and the strategies for managing it through monitoring, incentive design, selection, and socialization.
Managerial Implications
Partners may act opportunistically, through active deception or passive underperformance, and in both old and new circumstances. Each form calls for a different response: monitoring, incentives, careful selection, or socialization into shared norms. Managers should identify which forms of opportunism their relationships are exposed to and match the governance mechanism, rather than applying a single tool, usually contracts, to every risk.
How to read. Down a column follows one research stream through time. Across a row shows what the field studied in an era. Color marks the strategy domain, after Morgan et al. (2019). Pips give an influence tier. Numbers run by era, then family. Placements, anchors, and tiers are editorial judgments, and anchors are entry points rather than a complete record of any stream. Anyone who uses or adapts this table is responsible for verifying its contents against the original works.
